Yonivyapad in Brihattrayi: A Comparative Clinical and Literary Review
Abstract
Yonivyapad represents a broad spectrum of gynecological disorders described in Ayurveda under diseases affecting the female reproductive system. The Brihattrayi—Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya—provide detailed descriptions of the etiology, classification, symptomatology, and management of various Yonivyapad. Although these conditions were described in classical terminology, many correlate clinically with modern gynecological disorders such as pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and uterine prolapse. This review critically analyzes the descriptions of Yonivyapad in the Brihattrayi from literary and clinical perspectives and compares similarities and variations among classical texts. A structured literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classics, commentaries, and modern databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The review highlights that Charaka emphasizes systemic pathogenesis and internal medicine approaches, Sushruta focuses on surgical and anatomical aspects, whereas Ashtanga Hridaya presents concise therapeutic approaches integrating both traditions. Comparative analysis reveals differences in classification, nomenclature, and treatment principles, reflecting the evolving understanding of women’s health in classical Ayurveda. Modern gynecological correlations indicate significant conceptual overlap in pathophysiology and symptom presentation. However, the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria and limited clinical validation remain major challenges. This review underscores the relevance of classical Ayurvedic gynecology in contemporary integrative healthcare and identifies areas requiring further interdisciplinary research.
Keywords
Yonivyapad, Brihattrayi, Ayurveda gynecology, Stri Roga, women’s health, Ayurvedic classics, comparative review